GE Takes on Industrial Big Data Challenges

Press release:

03 August 2012

GE Takes on Industrial Big Data Challenges

 

• New webinar discusses how to leverage big data for a competitive advantage
• Advanced software technology optimizes decision support to maximize process data to drive real-time improvements

CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA — AUGUST 3, 2012—GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) today announced the availability of “The Rise of Industrial Big Data,” the company’s latest webinar. GE shares insights into how industrial businesses can maximize the full potential value of their process data and use that insight to drive real-time improvements. The participants discuss advanced software technology that offers an effective, simple, and easy way for companies to efficiently leverage Industrial Big Data for optimized decision support.

“Massive amounts of operational data are coming online with the increasing set of advanced devices and equipment, a movement often referred to as the Industrial Internet,” said Brian Courtney, General Manager Operations Data Management, GE Intelligent Platforms and a webinar featured speaker. “We discuss how industrial businesses can leverage Big Data to create a competitive advantage.”

Discussion topics include:

• The challenges of harnessing industrial big data.
• What critical information can be obtained by managing big data.
• How advanced historians provide critical insights for faster operational decisions and continuous innovation.

Additional speakers include Justin Eggart, GE Energy Executive Engineering; and Kareem Aggour, GE Global Research Senior Computer Scientist.

To view the webinar click here: “The Rise of Industrial Big Data”

About GE
GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

New Rugged Platform from GE Allows FACE™ Developers to Minimize Cost, Risk and Time-to-Market

Press release:

31 July 2012

New Rugged Platform from GE Allows FACE™ Developers to Minimize Cost, Risk and Time-to-Market

 

• FACEREF1 is a complete, ready-to-run hardware platform
• Provides optimal support for Wind River Systems, Presagis software
• High performance, high Technology Reference Level

HUNTSVILLE, AL July 31, 2012 GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) announced the FACEREF1 Software Reference Platform today at the FACE™ Consortium Meeting (PEO Aviation, Huntsville, AL). The FACEREF1 platform is designed to allow organizations developing FACE-compliant applications to take advantage of a COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) solution that is pre-configured, pre-validated and pre-tested – reducing risk, cost and time-to-market. It provides a platform for customers to try COTS software, develop application code, and demonstrate capabilities on a rugged platform that is capable of being deployed on real airborne platforms.

The Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE™) Consortium, an Open Group Managed Consortium, is leading the development of open standards for avionics systems. The Consortium is creating a technologically appropriate open FACE reference architecture, standards and business model that will ensure interoperability, increase portability, promote innovation and competition, bring advanced capabilities to the warfighter faster and lower implementation costs.

The FACE Consortium provides a vendor-neutral forum for industry and the U.S. government to work together to develop and consolidate the open standards, best practices, guidance documents and business models necessary to achieve these results.

GE is working closely with Wind River Systems and Presagis to ensure that the two companies’ software roadmaps for FACE-compliant operating system, OpenGL and HMI tools work “out of the box” on the FACEREF1 hardware platform.

“A key objective of the FACE initiative is to create an environment in which advanced, yet proven, computing technologies can be deployed to the warfighter faster and at lower cost,” said Rod Rice, General Manager, Military & Aerospace Products, GE Intelligent Platforms. “The FACEREF1 platform allows these objectives to be met by taking advantage of an off-the-shelf, high performance solution that features a high Technology Reference Level (TRL), that is ready to run, and that eliminates the time, risk and cost that would be incurred by developers creating a solution in-house.“

GE’s FACEREF1 Software Reference Platform is a complete, rugged subsystem that features GE’s SBC312 single board computer and PMCCG1graphics PMC. The SBC312 is based on Freescale™’s Power Architecture™ P4080 8-core processor yet has the power envelope of previous dual core systems, while the PMCCG1 features the high performance/low power S3 2300E GPU (graphics processing unit). The interface between the CPU and GPU is via a 4-lane PCI Express® to PCI-X® bridge, allowing high-bandwidth connectivity between the two processors.

For more information: http://defense.ge-ip.com/products/3687.

About GE

GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

A high res image can be found at:www.genewscenter.com/ImageLibrary/detail.asp?MediaDetailsID=4901

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GE Announces Rugged COM Express Module to Deliver High Performance and Reliability in Multi-Display Applications

Press release:

26 July 2012

GE Announces Rugged COM Express Module to Deliver High Performance and Reliability in Multi-Display Applications

 

• Features latest Intel® Core™ i7 dual- and quad-core processors
• Supports multiple simultaneous displays
• Ruggedization allows deployment in harshest environments

CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA July 26, 2012 GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) today announced the latest addition to the company’s growing range of COM Express modules with the launch of its highest performance offering to date, the rugged bCOM6-L1400. Taking advantage of the significant processing and graphics capabilities of the recently-announced Intel® Core™ i7 processor, the bCOM6-L1400 can support multiple independent displays in a wide variety of commercial, industrial, transportation and defense applications in a broad range of embedded computing environments.

The launch of the bCOM6-L1400 further expands GE’s range of rugged COM Express solutions following a series of announcements. The most recent of these was the launch of the rugged bCOM6-L1200 – which features a range of five VIA Nano™ and VIA Eden™ processor options - in February.

By separating the carrier card from the processor, the COM Express architecture extends the useful life of the subsystem by allowing simple, cost-effective upgrade of the processor alone. This reduces long term cost of ownership while ensuring that performance keeps pace with changing needs.

Offered with a choice of either a dual-core or quad-core processor for maximum flexibility and enabling customers to select the optimum price-performance/watt combination for the planned application, the bCOM6-L1400 takes advantage of GE’s extensive experience and expertise in the design and development of rugged COM Express modules. It also complements GE Intelligent Platforms’ extensive portfolio of rugged embedded computingsolutions that includes single board computers, multiprocessors, Ethernet switches, displays and networking.

The bCOM6-L1400 can be confidently deployed in the harshest, most challenging environments that are subject to extremes of temperature, vibration, shock and contaminants. Its components are specifically selected for reliable operation in hostile environments, and the processor and memory are soldered to the board for the highest possible resistance to external forces.

Extended mechanical construction protects the module, which is designed for optional conformal coating for even greater resistance to moisture, dust, chemicals, and temperature extremes. Sophisticated dynamic thermal management optimizes uptime and helps prevent damage to the system.

GE is able to provide customers with the support necessary to enable them to develop their own carrier card configurations, or to provide custom carrier card variants on request. This ability provides significant flexibility to systems integrators looking to create unique, high value-added solutions.

“The bCOM6-L1400 is a further example of GE’s rugged high performance platform strategy in action, and of our commitment to bringing the most recent processor technologies to market as rapidly as possible,” said Steve Pavlovsky, Product General Manager, Control & Communication Systems, GE Intelligent Platforms. “The COM Express architecture is ideal for OEMs looking to reduce developments costs, minimize risk and time to market and to provide the lowest possible cost of ownership. With the announcement of GE’s bCOM6-L1400, those customers get not just the benefits of COM Express and of Intel’s latest processor, but also outstanding performance, exceptional flexibility, remarkable robustness – and the commitment to customer satisfaction for which GE is renowned.”

As well as its graphics capabilities (VGA, LVDS with dual channel support and SDVO/TMDS/DisplayPort over DDI), the bCOM6-L1400 features up to 8GBytes of DDR3 memory, Gigabit Ethernet and four SATA interfaces, with support for both RAID 0 and RAID 1. Also provided for optimum connectivity are eight USB 2.0 ports and four USB 3.0 ports.

About GE
GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

For more technical information: http://www.ge-ip.com/account/download/13246/3649

A high res image can be found at:www.genewscenter.com/ImageLibrary/detail.asp?MediaDetailsID=4877

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GE Researchers to Study Link Between Microgravity and Vision Impairment in Astronauts

Press release:

19 July 2012

GE Researchers to Study Link Between Microgravity and Vision Impairment in Astronauts

 

Global Research awarded three-year grant to develop and test enhanced ultrasound probe and measurement techniques for NASA

Study will investigate increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and its effects on the eyes

Potential ground-based applications of this technology include monitoring patients with traumatic brain injuries

NISKAYUNA, NY, July 19, 2012 – Scientists at GE Global Research will soon begin a three-year project to build and test a new ultrasound probe and measurement techniques that could eventually be used in space to monitor how the spaceflight environment affects the vision of astronauts.

The new probe, to be developed as part of this study, is smaller than what is currently on the market. It is being designed to deliver real-time, three-dimensional pictures, showing the entire globe of the eye and any potential changes in the structure and function of the eye.

“NASA’s interest is in a tool that can be used to monitor astronauts, in-flight, to watch for changes in eye structure and how the eye functions,” said Aaron Dentinger, an Electrical Engineer in the Ultrasound Systems Lab at GE Global Research. “The goal is to develop a new ultrasound probe that has the ability to take an entire volume of the eye with a single scan, providing 3-D information optimized for better image quality, and image-based measurement techniques for tracking changes in the structure and functioning of the eye.”

There have been at least seven documented cases of astronauts, with otherwise healthy eyes, returning to Earth and needing adjustments in their vision prescription. For some, the vision loss lasts only a few weeks; for others the condition persists much longer and may not resolve. One possible cause for these symptoms is elevated intracranial pressure from exposure to spaceflight.

“Spaceflight causes fluid to pool in the upper body and head resulting in increased pressure in the head and the optic nerve. That could trigger a change in the shape of the eye leading to vision problems,” said Dentinger. “So far, mild vision changes have been observed, but the potential for permanent damage is a major concern on longer term missions, making real-time monitoring in space crucial so that NASA could evaluate treatments.”

Knowledge gained from this research could also help the medical community better understand the underlying causes of traumatic brain injuries, which are a major cause of death and permanent injury worldwide. Advances in ultrasound could help lead to better monitoring of changes in pressure in the brain in those who sustain violent blows to the head, like military service members.

“ICP monitoring is very important especially when you’re dealing with patients with head trauma,” said Dentinger. “The same sort of technology we’re developing here also has potential for use on the ground to monitor ICP in the emergency room. Ultrasound has been used to look at blood flow in the brain and to the eye to predict ICP; this could be a new way to do that.”

In an agreement announced last July, GE Healthcare’s laptop-sized “Vivid q” Cardiovascular Ultrasound system was chosen by NASA to replace a 10-year-old machine aboard the International Space Station. It was delivered on NASA’s final space shuttle flight, Atlantis's STS-135 mission, on July 8, 2011. Through this study, GE hopes to further expand the functionality of “Vivid q” as it pertains to imaging blood vessels in and around the eye.

Funding for the project totals approximately $1.2 million, and includes a joint commitment from the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) and GE. Work will get underway in October.

About GE Global Research

GE Global Research is the hub of technology development for all of GE's businesses. Our scientists and engineers redefine what’s possible, drive growth for our businesses and find answers to some of the world’s toughest problems.

We innovate 24 hours a day, with sites in Niskayuna, New York; San Ramon, California; Bangalore, India; Shanghai, China; Munich, Germany; and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Visit GE Global Research on the web atwww.ge.com/research. Connect with our technologists athttp://edisonsdesk.com and http://twitter.com/edisonsdesk.

About NSBRI

NSBRI, funded by NASA, is a consortium of institutions studying the health risks related to long-duration spaceflight and developing the medical technologies needed for long missions. NSBRI's science, technology and education projects take place at more than 60 institutions across the United States.

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GE Healthcare’s FREEdom Edition Receives FDA Clearance, Introducing the World’s First Cardiac Spectral CT

Press release:

19 July 2012

GE Healthcare’s FREEdom Edition Receives FDA Clearance, Introducing the World’s First Cardiac Spectral CT

 

WAUKESHA, WI – JULY 19, 2012 – As the 2012 Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) Annual Scientific Meeting opens today in Baltimore, Maryland, GE Healthcare announced FDA 510(k) clearance of its new cardiac imaging platform, the Discovery CT750 HD FREEdom Edition*. Addressing the main challenges of cardiac imaging – coronary motion, calcium blooming, plaque composition and accurate myocardial perfusion – the FREEdom Edition is designed to provide a new level of cardiac CT performance and to help physicians better serve patients.

Discovery CT750 HD FREEdom Edition offers physicians capabilities that could change the rules of cardiac CT. Based on exclusive FREEdom technologies (Fast Registered Energies & ECG), this innovative system represents a three-prong solution to the challenges in traditional cardiac CT: (1) Motion FREEdom, with intelligent motion correction via SnapShot Freeze*; (2) Calcium FREEdom, with enhanced coronary visualization using Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) Cardiac*; and (3) Horizon FREE opportunities, going beyond today's clinical information with plaque material composition assessment and accurate perfusion calculations. Click on the link here to learn more about the FREEdom Edition.

“SnapShot Freeze will be a game changer by improving the effective temporal resolution; and from the initial images, I see significantly reduced motion artifacts and significantly improved image clarity” said Dr. James Min, Director of Cardiac Imaging Research and Co-Director of Cardiac Imaging at Cedars Sinai Hospital and current President of SCCT.

SnapShot Freeze, one of FREEdom’s innovative technologies, can help significantly reduce coronary motion and overcome the inherent limitation of all hardware-only solutions. By precisely detecting vessel motion and velocity, SnapShot Freeze can determine actual vessel position and intelligently correct the effects of motion during cardiac CT exams. Bench-top evaluation of SnapShot Freeze intelligent motion correction has demonstrated that SnapShot Freeze can achieve a 58msec Equivalent Gantry Rotation Speed, which is 4 to 6 times faster than hardware-only gantry rotation speed alone. This translates to a 29msec Effective Temporal Resolution which achieves for the first time a Cardiac CT temporal sampling similar to the frame rate of a cath lab.

“FREEdom Edition has the potential to significantly improve coronary artery imaging with CT,” said Dr. Jonathon Leipsic, Head of Radiology, Providence Health, St. Paul’s Hospital in Vancouver. “By intelligently reducing motion artifact in CT images, SnapShot Freeze improves visualization, which may allow for reduction in the number of non-interpretable segments and increases reader confidence of CCTA.”

The HD FREEdom Edition’s first U.S. installation was at the University of Washington, Seattle. According to Dr. William Shuman, Vice Chair and Medical Director of the Department of Radiology at University of Washington Medical Center at Seattle: “Our physicians have already been using GSI routinely in body and vascular imaging, and we are excited to extend those benefits with FREEdom Edition to cardiovascular Spectral CT.”

HD FREEdom’s installation at UW follows around two dozen installations in Europe and Japan where physicians are currently using SnapShot Freeze and GSI Cardiac in routine practice for coronary evaluation, and pushing the horizons of Cardiac CT in plaque composition and myocardial perfusion assessment.

The Discovery CT750 HD FREEdom Edition is also the first Cardiac Spectral CT scanner that merges GE’s pioneering SnapShot Pulse technology with GSI’s fast kV switching allowing for a registered spectral CT dataset. Spectral CT takes CT beyond anatomy to create images of quantitative material density, which can then be synthesized into monochromatic energies. Monochromatic images have key advantages in virtually beam-hardening artifact free images, and improved contrast-to-noise at a given dose. And “Calcium FREEdom” means that for the first time, coronary images with calcium suppression are possible for challenging patients with high calcium burden. Additionally, GSI Cardiac enables investigations into new horizons of CT coronary plaque assessment and quantitative myocardial perfusion.

GE’s Discovery CT750 HD leads the industry in cardiac CT spatial resolution at 18.2 lp/cm^. This level of resolution helps physicians make a confident diagnosis and accurately quantify stenoses in coronary vessels by displaying reduction in calcium blooming compared to standard resolution.

GE Healthcare’s continued leadership in cardiac imaging was recently highlighted when the Discovery CT750 HD was included in the first ever fully positive recommendation from the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Diagnostic Assessment Programme, which aims to ensure the National Health Service can rapidly and consistently adopt clinically and cost effective technologies. NICE recommended the Discovery CT750 HD scanner as an option for first line cardiac imaging of the coronary arteries in people with suspected coronary artery disease.

“We believe the traditional challenges of cardiac CT are in large part beatable with a smarter software and electronic approach,” said Steve Gray, Vice President and General Manager for CT and Advantage Workstation at GE Healthcare. “FREEdom Edition offers physicians a new tool to help overcome coronary motion, and various artifacts that may stand in the way of a highly accurate, confident cardiac diagnosis in a variety of clinical settings.”

FREEdom Edition is built on the robust and proven Discovery CT750 HD platform. Installed in hundreds of medical institutions around the globe, this system is powered by GE's exclusive HD and low dose technologies, including GSI for lesion characterization and proven Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASiR) dose-optimizing technology already used on over 12 million scans at 1,200 sites worldwide+.

* Trademark of General Electric Company.

^ Based upon internal test data comparing Discovery CT750 HD cardiac half-scan spatial resolution to data from Advanced CT Scanners for Coronary Angiography, ImPACT Report CEP10043, March, 2010 available athttp://impactscan.org.

+ In clinical practice, the use of ASiR may reduce CT patient dose depending on the clinical task, patient size, anatomical location and clinical practice. A consultation with a radiologist and a physicist should be made to determine the appropriate dose to obtain diagnostic image quality for the particular clinical task


About GE Healthcare:
GE Healthcare provides transformational medical technologies and services that are shaping a new age of patient care. Our broad expertise in medical imaging and information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies, performance improvement and performance solutions services help our customers to deliver better care to more people around the world at a lower cost. In addition, we partner with healthcare leaders, striving to leverage the global policy change necessary to implement a successful shift to sustainable healthcare systems.

Our “healthymagination” vision for the future invites the world to join us on our journey as we continuously develop innovations focused on reducing costs, increasing access and improving quality around the world. Headquartered in the United Kingdom, GE Healthcare is a unit of General Electric Company (NYSE: GE). Worldwide, GE Healthcare employees are committed to serving healthcare professionals and their patients in more than 100 countries. For more information about GE Healthcare, visit our website at www.gehealthcare.com. 

PACSystems® RXi Platform Changes How Automation is Done

Press release:

17 July 2012

PACSystems® RXi Platform Changes How Automation is Done

 

• Next generation control platform designed for the needs of the Industrial Internet

• Integration of industry standard technologies, PROFINET and COM Express, to deliver ultimate flexibility and cost-effective upgrades for future control and cloud-based automation software environments

• Innovative rugged design in small form factor to enable factory floor computing, even in harsh environments

CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. — JULY 17, 2012—GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) today announced the PACSystems® RXi, the company’s revolutionary new control and computing platform designed for the needs of the Industrial Internet. Based on leading-edge computing and network technology, and supported by an emerging ecosystem of cloud-based support tools, the RXi will help customers gain productivity benefits from machine-to-machine connections and the skill sets of a digital native workforce. The RXi platform builds on GE’s deep expertise in the design of embedded control platforms as well as industry-standard open architecture technologies that deliver what companies in today’s economy need –- improved performance, integration into the Industrial Internet, and greater uptime and low total cost of ownership (TCO).

To provide the performance sophisticated control applications need today, the core of the product family is a COM Express architecture with multi-core CPUs, which will allow GE to offer a range of products that will be continually refreshed without impacting the user’s application. The RXi platform offers a full complement of high speed interfaces, with multiple gigabit Ethernet and USB 3.0 ports. These high performance features are coupled with GE’s PACSystems control engine to deliver uncompromised performance and application flexibility.

The PACSystems RXi family of controllers has built-in redundant PROFINET interfaces, delivering high performance, high uptime control solutions. RXi Industrial PC (IPC) configurations are unique in the industry, able to run HMI, Historian and analytics applications right at the machine, even in harsh environments. This facilitates better real time control of operations and improved integration into plant-wide and enterprise systems. The RXi platform fully supports GE’s new cloud-based collaborative automation platform development and deployment paradigm.

“The RXi controller is the next evolution of PAC controllers,” said Steve Pavlosky, Product General Manager for GE Intelligent Platforms’ Control & Communication Systems. “The RXi platform is a key element in our strategy to deliver high performance control solutions that can be developed, deployed, and maintained with our new collaborative, cloud-based automation platform – delivering true integration with the Industrial Internet. The platform’s PROFINET-based distributed architecture offers the best combination of high performance control with distributed I/O for lower installation and maintenance costs coupled with redundant I/O networking for high reliability. The RXi runs the same high performance PACSystems control engine found in our RX7i and RX3i products, enabling seamless application portability between form factors. The RXi platform can also be used as a rugged industrial PC platform for the flexibility of an industrial PC for factory floor computing with the reliability of a PLC.”

From a design perspective, the RXi controller is a departure from traditional systems. First, it has no local I/O which creates the basis for future upgradeability. Second, it has built-in PROFINET with ring redundancy to provide a simple to use, low installation cost, high performance redundant I/O network. With open standard PROFINET as the I/O network, users are free to choose best of breed I/O and other devices, like drives and vision systems, for use in their systems. Third, the ability to deploy the RXi architecture using both control and IPC modules interconnected provides a compact, high performance solution for applications requiring visualization, data archiving, or other advanced computational tasks at the point of control. Fourth, since it is based on standard Intel® architecture, GE can deliver control solutions with unique capabilities such as very large memory sizes and on-board storage capability. Finally, the integrated Intelligent Display Module allows users to perform standard maintenance functions without the need for a separate computer running programming software and creates a bridge that integrates the control system with the Industrial Internet.

The platform’s Industrial PC (IPC) is very small form factor, and is rugged and fanless, for companies looking for factory floor computing. GE’s rugged COM Express modular CPU platform incorporates patented thermal monitoring technology with sophisticated passive cooling techniques for a high performance computing “fanless” industrial computing and control platform, eliminating susceptibility to failure which can result in thermal shutdown of other IPC systems that rely on fans for cooling.

The design includes connectors on the controller and IPC so that the two products can be mounted together for cableless communications for applications where both control and computing are desired. The IPC can also be mounted on the back of a series of touch screen displays creating a family of modular panel IPCs.

“This platform supports several trends in the industry including control sustainability, standards based open architectures, computing and control at the machine level, and integration into the Industrial Internet,” continued Pavlosky. “Customers expect their manufacturing assets to outlast the control system. This new way of developing a control platform allows them to maintain their investment while taking advantage of the newest technologies to make their assets more productive, more reliable and more cost efficient.”

For more information: http://www.ge-ip.com/products/family/pac_systems_controllers.

About GE
GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

Final Phase 3 Results for GE Healthcare Investigational Imaging Agent Flutemetamol Presented at Alzheimer’s Association International Conference®

Press release:

17 July 2012

Final Phase 3 Results for GE Healthcare Investigational Imaging Agent Flutemetamol Presented at Alzheimer’s Association International Conference®

 

Results Show Agreement Between PET Image Reads and Amyloid Levels in Autopsy Studies

Vancouver, BC, CANADA – July 17, 2012 – GE Healthcare today announced the final results from a phase 3 study of the investigational PET amyloid imaging agent, [¹⁸F]flutemetamol in terminally ill patients who had agreed to undergo postmortem brain autopsy.[i] The data showed strong concordance (sensitivity and specificity) between [¹⁸F]flutemetamol PET images and beta amyloid brain histopathology. These data confirm the potential of [¹⁸F]flutemetamol as an imaging agent to detect beta amyloid plaque, a pathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in living patients.

The data were presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference^® 2012 (AAIC^® 2012) in Vancouver and support an application for regulatory approval of [¹⁸F]flutemetamol, which is intended to be filed later this year. [¹⁸F]Flutemetamol is a GE Healthcare PET imaging agent in development for the detection of beta amyloid deposits in the brain.

“Currently, definite AD diagnosis requires postmortem examination of the brain for pathology such as neuritic beta amyloid plaques,” said Milos Ikonomovic, MD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, presenter of the study. “Because the ability to detect brain amyloid deposits in vivo may allow physicians to make a more accurate clinical diagnosis and potentially could enhance patient management, we were pleased to see that flutemetamol PET images accurately and consistently reflected fibrillar beta amyloid levels as detected later using postmortem histopathology analyses.”

The study presented at AAIC^® 2012 examined the autopsied brains of 68 subjects who had received [¹⁸F]flutemetamol imaging in life to detect the presence of brain beta amyloid pathology. The images were then evaluated visually by independent trained readers, and the flutemetamol retention in the brain was quantified using a standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). The brains of subjects who subsequently died were evaluated histopathologically and compared to interpretations of flutemetamol PET scans.

[¹⁸F]Flutemetamol showed the ability to detect beta amyloid with a majority read sensitivity of 86 percent and specificity of 92 percent. Sensitivity is the percentage of amyloid-positive brains that are correctly identified by [¹⁸F]]flutemetamol image readers as abnormal, corresponding to positive amyloid pathology. Comparison within and between image readers documented strong consistency of interpretation.

The accumulation of beta amyloid in the brain is believed to play a role in the degeneration of neurons in AD and is one of several pathological characteristics implicated in its development. Currently, AD is confirmed by histopathological identification of core features, including beta amyloid plaques, in postmortem brain samples.[ii] Targeted amyloid imaging agents are being studied to determine their ability to help physicians detect amyloid deposition in living humans.

“The detection of beta amyloid plaque in vivo may enable physicians to clinically diagnose AD earlier, potentially improving patient care,” said Jonathan Allis, General Manager, PET, GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics. “Flutemetamol imaging has the potential to be part of a larger diagnostic workup that may help doctors rule out AD by reliably showing the absence of amyloid deposits in patients with unexplained loss of cognitive function. We are pleased to report that flutemetamol acted as anticipated in this study and look forward to filing with the FDA.”

[¹⁸F]Flutemetamol is one component of a broad portfolio of diagnostic solutions that GE Healthcare is currently developing in the Alzheimer’s field. GE Healthcare is taking a comprehensive approach to understanding AD through its ongoing research to uncover the causes, risks, and physical effects of the disease. For example, the company is partnering with the pharmaceutical industry to identify a biosignature, or biological indicator, that may help physicians diagnose AD before the onset of clinical symptoms.

GE Healthcare offers a broad portfolio of imaging resources that support accurate visualization of the signs of neurodegenerative diseases via state-of-the-art scanners – including MRI, PET, and CT – that deliver clear visualization of the brain. In addition, an expanding portfolio of imaging agents is being developed to enhance visual evidence of disease and innovative software applications to aid physicians in image interpretation and determination of disease management. More specifically, our portfolio today includes cyclotrons and chemistry systems to manufacture PET imaging agents, PET and MR scanners to scan patients, and image analysis software to interpret the results.

GE Healthcare has been a key contributor to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) since its inception. GE Healthcare also plays a key role in PredictAD, an EU-funded research project to develop solutions to enable earlier diagnosis of AD, and in the Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD).

Additionally, the combination of our different business offerings positions us well to offer an integrated global diagnostics solution to assist the pharmaceutical industry in its development of the next generation of therapies. To that end, we are working with potential partners in the industry to understand their strategic needs and design solutions, and help provide imaging support for pivotal therapy trials.

About GE Healthcare
GE Healthcare provides transformational medical technologies and services that are shaping a new age of patient care. Our broad expertise in medical imaging and information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies, performance improvement and performance solutions services help our customers to deliver better care to more people around the world at a lower cost. In addition, we partner with healthcare leaders, striving to leverage the global policy change necessary to implement a successful shift to sustainable healthcare systems.

Our “healthymagination” vision for the future invites the world to join us on our journey as we continuously develop innovations focused on reducing costs, increasing access and improving quality around the world. Headquartered in the United Kingdom, GE Healthcare is a unit of General Electric Company (NYSE: GE). Worldwide, GE Healthcare employees are committed to serving healthcare professionals and their patients in more than 100 countries.  For more information about GE Healthcare, visit our website at www.gehealthcare.com.

For our latest news, please visithttp://newsroom.gehealthcare.com/http://newsroom.gehealthcare.com

NOTES TO EDITORS

] Ikonomovich M, Buckley C, Smith A et al. [¹⁸F]Flutemetamol injection PET images reflect brain amyloid levels. Data presented at Alzheimer's Association^® International Conference 2012 (AAIC 2012), Vancouver, BC, Canada.

[ii] Dementia: Hope Through Research. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website.http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dementias/detail_dementia.htm. Accessed July 13, 2011.

GE Announces ProficySCADA Now Available for Apple iPad®

Press release:

11 July 2012

GE Announces ProficySCADA Now Available for Apple iPad®

 

• Extends the control room and provide information anywhere to increase visibility across the workforce and drive real-time operational efficiency improvements
• Apple iPad® SCADA client app connects the plant floor to the enterprise with robust, reliable and expandable solutions
• Downloadable free from the iTunes® Store and for use with iFIX WebSpace and/or CIMPLICITY GlobalView configurations as mobile addition to existing web clients

CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. — July 11, 2012 — GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) today announced the availability of mobile extensions to its industry-leading visualization applications, Proficy^® HMI/SCADA iFIX and CIMPLICITY, on the Apple iPad^®. Mobility is one of the growing trends in the Automation industry and the iPad ProficySCADA “app” extends the control room providing users with information anywhere, increasing visibility and efficiency of operations.

The iPad app enables users of either iFIX WebSpace or CIMPLICITY GlobalView to instantly connect to their HMI/SCADA runtime projects. It supports the same full featured capabilities of a standard client by delivering full HMI/SCADA functionality including third-party application support with no screen conversions required. This enables every customer to quickly harness the power of the iPad with minimal engineering effort across their operations.

“HMI/SCADA represents the foundation of the industrial software ecosystem and GE Intelligent Platforms has more than 25 years of experience in HMI/SCADA,” said Mark Bernardo, Product General Manager for GE Intelligent Platforms’ Automation Software. “We use advanced server based technologies that provide full operation over the web, and now on the iPad, with no screen conversions required.”

The ProficySCADA app enables both power and casual users by incorporating the ability to limit functions via standard runtime project security features as required by a user and/or a group. It also incorporates popular iPad specific user interface functionality such as intuitive multi-touch gestures to achieve mouse and keyboard operation. It automatically zooms in to the currently active window to make it easier to tap windows user interface elements.

The new app also takes advantage of the open, flexible and scalable nature of the Proficy HMI/SCADA solutions, iFIX and CIMPLICITY. These products can operate on a single node or scale up to 200+ nodes. Although they have the ability to connect to almost any device via OPC, they also come with many standard built-in native drivers addressing the need for connecting major PLC brands. As such, they are completely hardware independent and provide the flexibility of communicating with multiple makes of control solutions from a single server.

iFIX and CIMPLICITY also excel at real-time data management, control and provide seamless integration with other solutions in the Proficy family including Proficy Historian. They facilitate adherence to industry standards for improved consistency, quality and compliance. Proficy HMI/SCADA products constitute the foundational platform that enables tools for advanced analysis, Work Process Management, and operational excellence.

“Many customers want the full HMI/SCADA functionality on devices like the iPad,” continued Bernardo. “ProficySCADA, GE Intelligent Platforms’ first iOS app, enables plant operators and engineers to react faster to problems with real live information and to investigate proactively in a very easy way. As more and more industrial companies realize the power of tablets and smartphones, they will want these types of software clients to expand their systems backed by powerful platforms like Proficy to enable their workforce.”

For more information and to download the ProficySCADA app please visit the iTunes store at www.itunes.apple.com and search on Proficy.

For more information: www.ge-ip.com/automation-software.

About GE
GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

GE Healthcare and Virtua to Host Radiology Technology Exposition at Virtua Health Education Center

Press release:

09 July 2012

GE Healthcare and Virtua to Host Radiology Technology Exposition at Virtua Health Education Center

 

• Tech expo and facility tour to showcase diagnostic imaging solutions, women’s health technologies
• Speaker sessions to discuss innovative technologies and emerging trends for hospital leaders

Voorhees, New Jersey – July 9, 2012 – GE Healthcare today joined Virtua, a New Jersey-based healthcare system, in jointly announcing a technology exposition and facility tour to be held at Virtua’s Barry D. Brown Health Education Center and its new hospital in Voorhees, New Jersey this week Thursday, July 12. Open to New Jersey and Philadelphia-area health care professionals and the media, the technology expo will showcase some of the most advanced diagnostic imaging solutions in clinical use today – including women’s health, Computed Tomography (CT) and other innovative health care technologies. Keynote speakers at the technology expo will also address trending developments and best practices for hospital leaders in today’s challenging health care landscape.

“In today’s dynamic healthcare environment, it is essential that industry leaders collaborate closely with clinicians and hospital leadership to innovate and deliver solutions that address the most pressing needs in patient care,” said GE Healthcare’s Marcelo Mosci, president and CEO, US and Canada Region. “GE Healthcare is pleased to join Virtua, already a leader in diagnostic imaging, to provide further educational opportunities and highlight the latest advances in radiology through this special event.”

The exposition will highlight the latest technologies for meeting clinical diagnostic needs, from high-resolution mammograms and low dose CT exams and advanced ultrasound solutions.

“Virtua is pleased to host this event as we share both clinical and product expertise with fellow health care professionals to help promote excellence in diagnostic imaging and optimized patient care,” said Rich Miller, Virtua President and CEO.

Facility tours and speaker sessions for hospital leaders will also discuss equipment management and integration, reimbursement information, clinical workflow, and two increasingly top-of-mind discussions in the health care environment: U.S. health care reform, and low radiation dose, high performance CT imaging.

Specifically showcased at Virtua will be GE Healthcare technologies that help physicians lower patient CT radiation dose, including: ASiR*^ image reconstruction technology, available across the GE Healthcare CT portfolio and used on over 1,200 systems for more than 12 million patient exams to date; and Veo*^, a leading image reconstruction technology now in use at Virtua that has already enabled doctors elsewhere to achieve profoundly clear chest CT images in some cases with less than 1 millisievert (mSv) of dose. For perspective, traditional chest CT scans can expose patients to anywhere from 5-10 mSv of radiation dose, and natural background radiation exposes the average American to around 3 mSv per year. †

As part of its leadership in providing high quality care, Virtua plans to open a new Ambulatory Diagnostic Imaging Center at its Health and Wellness Center in Voorhees featuring the latest technologies in radiology for optimizing patient care. The Center is scheduled for opening in December 2012. The Pediatric Imaging portion of the center will be done in partnership with The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

* Trademark of General Electric Company

^ In clinical practice, the use of ASiR or Veo may reduce CT patient dose depending on the clinical task, patient size, anatomical location and clinical practice. A consultation with a radiologist and a physicist should be made to determine the appropriate dose to obtain diagnostic image quality for the particular clinical task.

† Statistics from RadiologyInfo.org.


ABOUT VIRTUA
Virtua is a comprehensive healthcare system headquartered in Marlton, NJ. Its mission is to deliver a world-class experience through its wide range of services delivered through primary care and specialty physician practices, health and wellness centers, hospitals, home care, outpatient and rehab services. Virtua provides advanced prevention, wellness and treatment in the areas of women’s health, pediatrics, oncology, cardiology, orthopedics and neuroscience. Virtua is chosen by more people than any other healthcare provider in South Jersey. Virtua’s maternal/child programs at Virtua Voorhees and Virtua Memorial in Mt. Holly deliver more than 8,000 babies a year. Virtua also treats more people in its emergency departments than any other hospital in the region. A non-profit organization, Virtua employs over eight thousand clinical and administrative personnel, and approximately 1,800 physicians serve as medical staff members.

Virtua has distinguished itself as one of the first Six Sigma organizations in healthcare, as an early adopter of clinical and digital technologies, and for its innovative partnerships with nationally renowned organizations such as GE Healthcare, Fox Chase Cancer Center and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). It has been honored twice with the New Jersey Governor's award for Clinical Excellence and recognized with the Leadership Award for Outstanding Achievement by Voluntary Hospitals of America. Virtua has been honored as the #1 Best Employer in the Delaware Valley for six consecutive years by the Philadelphia Business Journal and is the recipient of the Consumer Choice Awards by National Research Corporation. For more information, visit our website at www.virtua.org or call 1-888-VIRTUA-3 (1-888-847-8823).

ABOUT GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare provides transformational medical technologies and services that are shaping a new age of patient care. Our broad expertise in medical imaging and information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies, performance improvement and performance solutions services help our customers to deliver better care to more people around the world at a lower cost. In addition, we partner with healthcare leaders, striving to leverage the global policy change necessary to implement a successful shift to sustainable healthcare systems.

Our “healthymagination” vision for the future invites the world to join us on our journey as we continuously develop innovations focused on reducing costs, increasing access and improving quality around the world. Headquartered in the United Kingdom, GE Healthcare is a unit of General Electric Company (NYSE: GE). Worldwide, GE Healthcare employees are committed to serving healthcare professionals and their patients in more than 100 countries. For more information about GE Healthcare, visit our website at www.gehealthcare.com.For our latest news, please visithttp://newsroom.gehealthcare.com.

University Physicians, Inc. of Colorado Expands GE Healthcare Investment with Centricity Business

Press release:

09 July 2012

University Physicians, Inc. of Colorado Expands GE Healthcare Investment with Centricity Business

 

Revenue Cycle Management Solution Selected for Interoperability and Proven Revenue Cycle Efficiencies Across the Continuum of Care

BARRINGTON, Ill. – July 9, 2012 – GE Healthcare today announced that University Physicians, Inc. (UPI) has expanded its investment in Centricity* Business, GE’s enterprise-wide revenue cycle management solution that helps healthcare providers achieve greater profitability, efficiency and enhanced quality of care. The expanded investment, which includes adding core capabilities like payer contracting, document scanning, and deep integration with the hospital’s EMR environment, will allow UPI to improve staff productivity and efficiency, manage emerging reimbursement models, and achieve strong interoperability with third party applications. UPI joins a growing number of healthcare organizations using GE Healthcare’s financial solutions to improve revenue cycle performance and efficiency while enhancing patient care.


“After a careful, intensive evaluation of several revenue cycle options, we elected to move forward quickly with Centricity Business including Enterprise Task Manager to drive improved revenue cycle efficiencies across our hospitals and physician practices, its Managed Care Application to support emerging reimbursement models, and its payer contract module to strengthen interoperable capabilities with payers,” said Jane Schumaker, CEO and executive director of UPI. “UPI is energized by its expanded strategic relationship with GE Healthcare and we look forward to building on the strong revenue cycle foundation already in place as we grow in the future.”


University Physicians, Inc. is a not-for-profit management services organization dedicated to providing business operations and administrative support to the University of Colorado School Of Medicine’s multispecialty group practice which includes 1,800 providers. The University of Colorado School Of Medicine offers cutting-edge research and technologies and high quality medical treatment to patients at the University of Colorado Hospital, Children's Hospital Colorado, and at sites throughout Denver and the surrounding region.


“We’re pleased that UPI continues to invest in GE Healthcare to tackle healthcare reform challenges and provide support for future business line growth.” said Jim Corrigan, vice president and general manager of GE Healthcare IT. “As the industry moves towards integrated care, we are pleased to see UPI and other leading healthcare organizations recognize the benefits of an interoperable approach allowing both clinical and financial data to move freely across inpatient and ambulatory care settings. We are proud to support UPI with the latest Centricity Business solutions and services to help them reduce cost and complexity while enhancing quality and access to care.”


Centricity Business is currently used by hundreds of leading healthcare organizations across the United States including 75% of those in the July 18, 2011 US News & World Report “2011-12 Best Hospitals Honor Roll.”


RESOURCES:
To learn more about Centricity Business, visit:www.gehealthcare/centricitybusiness.
Tweet using #GECB (Centricity Business) to discuss the solution and join the conversation.
To learn how St Vincents and Orlando Health have used Centricity Business to achieve high ROI, visit http://bit.ly/w4ei12

NOTES TO EDITORS

ABOUT GE HEALTHCARE:
GE Healthcare provides transformational medical technologies and services that are shaping a new age of patient care. Our broad expertise in medical imaging and information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies, performance improvement and performance solutions services help our customers to deliver better care to more people around the world at a lower cost. In addition, we partner with healthcare leaders, striving to leverage the global policy change necessary to implement a successful shift to sustainable healthcare systems.

Our “healthymagination” vision for the future invites the world to join us on our journey as we continuously develop innovations focused on reducing costs, increasing access and improving quality around the world. Headquartered in the United Kingdom, GE Healthcare is a unit of General Electric Company (NYSE: GE). Worldwide, GE Healthcare employees are committed to serving healthcare professionals and their patients in more than 100 countries. For more information about GE Healthcare, visit our website at www.gehealthcare.com.

For our latest news, please visit http://newsroom.gehealthcare.com

*Centricity is a registered trademark of General Electric Company.

GE Expands Range of Application-Ready COTS Rugged Systems that Reduce Program Risk, Cost and Time-to-Market

Press release:

20 June 2012

GE Expands Range of Application-Ready COTS Rugged Systems that Reduce Program Risk, Cost and Time-to-Market

 

• 2-board 3U VPX chassis
• Pre-configured, pre-validated, ready-to-run
• Broad range of I/O for optimum flexibility

HUNTSVILLE, AL— June 20, 2012—GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) today announced an addition to its rapidly-expanding range of COTS Rugged Systems (CRS). Designed to reduce program risk, cost and time-to market, GE’s CRS family now comprises eight packaged, pre-validated, ready-to-run rugged data/processing control computer systems for a broad range of military and commercial applications.

Typical use examples include civilian and military unmanned vehicles, manned commercial and military aircraft, helicopters, over- and underwater research vessels, ground vehicles, locomotives and oil and gas applications.

The application-ready CRS-C2I-3VB1 includes a single board computer featuring a 2.2GHz Intel Core i7 processor housed in a rugged, base-plate cooled 2-slot 3U VPX chassis featuring MIL-DTL-38999 connectors. Solid state storage is optionally available.

I/O capabilities include Ethernet, serial, USB, MIL-STD-153, CANbus and VGA. Provision of these extensive I/O capabilities delivers significant flexibility in an off-the-shelf system, while high performance is assured by the combination of a powerful Intel® Core™ i7 processor and VPX technology. The system can be used for both application development and application deployment.

“In a tough economic environment, our customers are focusing more than ever on how to reduce cost, risk and lead-time,” said Rod Rice, General Manager, Military & Aerospace Products at GE Intelligent Platforms. “GE’s range of COTS Rugged Systems helps them by eliminating costly NRE investment, the arduous task of selecting, integrating and testing off-the-shelf boards and the complexities of dealing with multiple points of support. That adds up to a solution that is not only less costly, but also that carries minimal risk and that can be delivered more quickly, shortening the time to revenue.”

Minimization of program risk and cost is further enhanced by GE’s program management competencies, together with extensive experience and expertise in the AS9100-compliant analysis, design, manufacturing and testing of systems in accordance with the relevant MIL and industry standards such as MIL-STD-810, 704, 461, and DO-160.

Software development cycle time is minimized through the provision of Board Support Packages (BSPs) and drivers that can be used to aid integration of the application.

Other members of GE’s COTS Rugged System family offer a range of choices using the 3U VPX and CompactPCI architecture in 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-slot chassis and featuring processors from Intel and Freescale.

For more information: http://defense.ge-ip.com/products/family/cots-rugged-systems

About GE

GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

A high res image can be found at:www.genewscenter.com/imagelibrary/detail.asp?MediaDetailsID=4788

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GE’s AXIS Version 5.1 Makes Development of Sophisticated Multiprocessor Applications Faster and Easier

Press release:

19 June 2012

GE’s AXIS Version 5.1 Makes Development of Sophisticated Multiprocessor Applications Faster and Easier

 

• Support for latest multicore/multithreading hardware platforms
• RDMA support delivers higher system throughput
• Code portability minimizes lifetime cost of ownership

HUNTSVILLE, AL— June 19, 2012—GE Intelligent Platforms (NYSE: GE) today announced Version 5.1 of its AXIS Advanced Multiprocessor Integrated Software development environment that is designed to make the development of complex, sophisticated military/aerospace applications - such as digital signal processing (DSP), radar, sonar, SIGINT and sensor processing - simpler and faster, reducing program risk, effort and expense and shortening time to market.

AXIS, which is a key element in GE’s High Performance Embedded Computing (HPEC) offering, enables fast prototyping, thus maximizing the effectiveness of internal research and development (IRAD) efforts, while support for the VSIPL open standard API allows straightforward code portability from one CPU generation to the next, improving long term cost of ownership. Support for VSIPL++ is also available.

As well as supporting GE’s latest multicore hardware – including the powerful DSP280 multiprocessor DSP platform and the SBC624 and SBC324 6U and 3U OpenVPX single board computers based on Intel® Core™ i7 processors – together with support for GE multicore/multithreading hardware platforms based on Power Architecture™ and NVIDIA® CUDA™, AXIS 5.1 provides support for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) based high performance interconnects including RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet) and InfiniBand. RDMA allows an application running on one computer to directly transfer data into user space memory on another computer, reducing latency by minimizing demands on bandwidth and processing overhead and increasing system throughput.

Other new features provided by Version 5.1 of AXIS include improved Linux functionality to deliver a more familiar, superior Linux® experience; support for GE’s BCS (Background Condition Screening); and improved Windows® capabilities.

“The pressure for military developers to minimize cost and time-to-market has never been greater – yet mission profiles continue to expand for a broad range of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance applications,” said Rod Rice, General Manager, Military/Aerospace Products at GE Intelligent Platforms. “GE’s AXIS development environment addresses those pressing needs, enabling high performance applications to be developed, debugged and delivered in the shortest possible time. The combination of GE’s High Performance Embedded Computing hardware and software provides not only a highly integrated solution, but also one that provides customers with optimum support.”

AXIS comprises three primary modules. AXISView is an integrated graphic user interface for task level application development, while AXISFlow provides a high performance interprocessor communication library for low latency, high throughput data movement between tasks across multiple hardware elements. The third module, AXISLib, includes optimized DSP and math libraries with standard VSIPL APIs targeted at the latest Intel, NVIDIA CUDA and Power Architecture platforms.

For more information: http://defense.ge-ip.com/products/family/axis-multiprocessing-software

About GE

GE (NYSE: GE) works on things that matter. The best people and the best technologies taking on the toughest challenges. Finding solutions in energy, health and home, transportation and finance. Building, powering, moving and curing the world. Not just imagining. Doing. GE works. For more information, visit the company's website at www.ge.com.

A high res image can be found at:www.genewscenter.com/imagelibrary/detail.asp?MediaDetailsID=3721

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Intel is a registered trademark, and Core is a trademark, of Intel Corporation. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. NVIDIA is a registered trademark, and CUDA is a trademark, of NVIDIA Corporation. Power Architecture is a trademark of Power.org. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.